Photosynthesis Botany MCQ MBBS CEE Entrance Nepal , Science Quiz medical

Saturday, 2 November 2024

Quiz Photosynthesis - CEE, NEB Nepal

Photosynthesis

Introduction

Photosynthesis is a fundamental process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. This process takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide are transformed into glucose and oxygen.

Importance of Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It is also the primary source of energy for all living organisms, forming the base of the food chain.

Process of Photosynthesis

The process can be divided into two main stages:

Light-dependent reactions: These reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast, where sunlight is absorbed, water is split, and oxygen is released.
Calvin Cycle: In this stage, carbon dioxide is fixed and converted into glucose through a series of reactions in the stroma of the chloroplast.

Source: CEE and NEB Nepal Curriculum

1. Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis?

A) Chlorophyll b
B) Carotenoids
C) Chlorophyll a
D) Anthocyanin

2. What is the main product formed at the end of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A) Glucose
B) Oxygen
C) ATP and NADPH
D) Water

3. During which process is oxygen released as a byproduct in photosynthesis?

A) Calvin cycle
B) Photolysis of water
C) Glycolysis
D) Photorespiration

4. What is the primary location within the chloroplast where the Calvin cycle occurs?

A) Thylakoid membrane
B) Stroma
C) Grana
D) Thylakoid space

5. Which of the following best describes the C3 pathway?

A) A process that occurs only in desert plants
B) The standard pathway for carbon fixation in most plants
C) A pathway that stores energy as ATP
D) A unique cycle found in algae

6. What happens during the photolysis of water in the light reactions?

A) CO2 is split into carbon and oxygen
B) Water is split into oxygen, protons, and electrons
C) ATP is converted into ADP
D) Glucose is synthesized

7. Which enzyme is crucial for the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle?

A) ATP synthase
B) RuBisCO
C) NADP reductase
D) Hexokinase

8. Which molecule acts as the primary electron donor in the light reactions?

A) NADPH
B) Water
C) Glucose
D) CO2

9. Which pathway is specifically adapted for minimizing photorespiration in hot climates?

A) C3 pathway
B) C4 pathway
C) Calvin cycle
D) CAM pathway

10. During photosynthesis, ATP is produced by which process?

A) Photophosphorylation
B) Glycolysis
C) Oxidative phosphorylation
D) Fermentation

11. In what form is carbon fixed during the Calvin cycle?

A) Glucose
B) G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
C) Pyruvate
D) Sucrose

12. What role do carotenoids play in photosynthesis?

A) Absorb green light
B) Prevent water loss
C) Protect chlorophyll from photo-damage and absorb additional light wavelengths
D) Facilitate oxygen production

13. What is the primary function of photosystems in the light reactions?

A) Synthesizing glucose
B) Capturing and transferring light energy
C) Splitting carbon dioxide
D) Absorbing water

14. Which photosystem is responsible for splitting water molecules?

A) Photosystem I
B) Photosystem II
C) Both Photosystem I and II
D) Neither

15. How is ATP generated during the light reactions?

A) By breaking down glucose
B) Through oxidative phosphorylation
C) Via photophosphorylation
D) By fermentation

16. What molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the light reactions?

A) Water
B) NADP+
C) ATP
D) Oxygen

17. What type of energy is utilized by plants to drive photosynthesis?

A) Chemical energy
B) Light energy
C) Mechanical energy
D) Thermal energy

18. Which molecule provides the carbon atoms that are used to produce glucose in the Calvin cycle?

A) Water
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) ATP

19. In which phase of the Calvin cycle is CO2 fixed into an organic molecule?

A) Reduction phase
B) Regeneration phase
C) Carbon fixation phase
D) Photorespiration phase

20. Which adaptation allows CAM plants to conserve water?

A) Closing stomata during the day
B) Storing water in stems
C) Using chlorophyll b exclusively
D) Growing in shade

21. What process does ATP synthase use to produce ATP during photosynthesis?

A) Hydrolysis of ATP
B) Proton gradient-driven phosphorylation
C) Oxidative phosphorylation
D) Substrate-level phosphorylation

22. Which of the following best describes non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

A) Only involves Photosystem I
B) Produces ATP and NADPH
C) Does not produce oxygen
D) Occurs in the mitochondria

23. What is the primary role of water in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A) It provides carbon atoms for glucose
B) It acts as an electron acceptor
C) It donates electrons and releases oxygen when split
D) It stores energy as ATP

24. Which process in photosynthesis is responsible for converting CO2 into an organic compound?

A) Light reactions
B) Glycolysis
C) Calvin cycle
D) Krebs cycle

25. How do plants adapt to low light conditions?

A) Increase chlorophyll concentration
B) Close stomata
C) Convert to CAM photosynthesis
D) Store CO2 in vacuoles

26. What is the first stable product of the Calvin cycle?

A) Glucose
B) 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA)
C) Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
D) Fructose

27. Which process can increase photorespiration in plants?

A) High CO2 levels
B) High oxygen concentration
C) Low oxygen concentration
D) High light intensity

28. What happens during cyclic photophosphorylation?

A) Both ATP and NADPH are produced
B) Only NADPH is produced
C) Only ATP is produced
D) Oxygen is released

29. What compound is regenerated at the end of the Calvin cycle to be used again in carbon fixation?

A) Glucose
B) 3-PGA
C) Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
D) G3P

30. Which wavelength of light is least effective for photosynthesis?

A) Red
B) Blue
C) Green
D) Violet

31. Which type of plant is most adapted to minimize water loss by separating carbon fixation by time?

A) C3 plants
B) C4 plants
C) CAM plants
D) Aquatic plants

32. What role do light-harvesting complexes play in photosynthesis?

A) Directly produce ATP
B) Synthesize glucose
C) Capture and transfer light energy to the reaction center
D) Fix CO2 into sugars

33. What is the main advantage of the C4 pathway over the C3 pathway?

A) Increased sugar production
B) Reduced photorespiration in high temperatures
C) Higher water consumption
D) Lower energy requirement

34. Which molecule is produced during the Calvin cycle that can be converted to glucose?

A) G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
B) RuBP
C) NADPH
D) ATP

35. In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

A) Mitochondria
B) Chloroplast
C) Nucleus
D) Ribosome

36. What is the primary purpose of the light-dependent reactions?

A) Produce glucose
B) Generate ATP and NADPH
C) Fix carbon dioxide
D) Release oxygen

37. Which of the following best describes the Calvin cycle?

A) A light-dependent reaction
B) A process that occurs in the thylakoid membranes
C) A cycle that fixes carbon dioxide into organic compounds
D) A process that produces oxygen

38. What is the role of NADPH in photosynthesis?

A) It acts as an electron donor in the Calvin cycle
B) It provides energy for ATP synthesis
C) It is used to split water molecules
D) It absorbs light energy

39. How does increasing temperature typically affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A) It decreases the rate indefinitely
B) It increases the rate until a certain point
C) It has no effect
D) It stops photosynthesis completely

40. What is the function of stomata in photosynthesis?

A) To absorb sunlight
B) To facilitate gas exchange
C) To store water
D) To transport nutrients

41. What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

A) It is involved in ATP synthesis
B) It absorbs light energy
C) It helps in the transport of nutrients
D) It synthesizes glucose directly

42. Which of the following conditions can lead to the saturation of photosynthesis?

A) Increased light intensity
B) Increased CO2 concentration
C) Optimal temperature
D) All of the above

43. In C4 plants, what is the initial carbon compound formed during carbon fixation?

A) RuBP
B) Oxaloacetate
C) G3P
D) 3-PGA

44. How do chloroplasts capture light energy?

A) By absorbing water
B) Through photosynthetic pigments
C) By using glucose
D) By transpiration

45. What is photorespiration?

A) A process that enhances glucose production
B) A wasteful pathway that occurs when RuBisCO fixes oxygen instead of CO2
C) A type of respiration in darkness
D) A mechanism for reducing water loss

46. Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is true?

A) It only occurs during the day
B) It requires sunlight, water, and CO2
C) It produces glucose and oxygen
D) All of the above

47. What is the light-independent reaction also known as?

A) Calvin cycle
B) Krebs cycle
C) Glycolysis
D) Light reaction

48. What is the role of the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts?

A) To absorb CO2
B) To carry out light-dependent reactions
C) To synthesize glucose
D) To store water

49. How does increased CO2 concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A) It decreases the rate
B) It has no effect
C) It increases the rate up to a point
D) It stops the process

50. What is the primary sugar produced during photosynthesis?

A) Fructose
B) Sucrose
C) Glucose
D) Galactose

51. What effect does light intensity have on the rate of photosynthesis?

A) It has no effect
B) It increases the rate to a certain point
C) It decreases the rate
D) It stops photosynthesis

52. Which pigment is primarily responsible for the green color of plants?

A) Carotene
B) Chlorophyll a
C) Chlorophyll b
D) Xanthophyll

53. What is the main byproduct of photosynthesis?

A) Glucose
B) Oxygen
C) Water
D) Carbon dioxide

54. In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?

A) Thylakoid membranes
B) Stroma
C) Outer membrane
D) Granum

55. Which of the following does not occur during the light-dependent reactions?

A) Water splitting
B) Oxygen production
C) Carbon fixation
D) ATP synthesis

56. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A) ATP and NADPH
B) Glucose and oxygen
C) CO2 and water
D) ATP and glucose

57. Which enzyme is responsible for fixing carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle?

A) ATP synthase
B) RuBisCO
C) NADP reductase
D) PEP carboxylase

58. What is the significance of the proton gradient created during photosynthesis?

A) It helps in carbon fixation
B) It powers ATP synthesis
C) It transports glucose
D) It absorbs light

59. Which of the following factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis?

A) Light intensity
B) Temperature
C) Water availability
D) All of the above

60. What is the role of RuBP in the Calvin cycle?

A) It is the end product
B) It is the molecule that CO2 is fixed into
C) It regenerates to continue the cycle
D) It stores energy

61. What is the role of accessory pigments in photosynthesis?

A) They absorb light in wavelengths that chlorophyll cannot
B) They transport electrons
C) They fix carbon
D) They produce ATP

62. In which type of plants does the C4 pathway primarily occur?

A) Tropical plants
B) Desert plants
C) Aquatic plants
D) Temperate plants

63. Which process occurs in the thylakoid membranes?

A) Calvin cycle
B) Light-dependent reactions
C) Glycolysis
D) Krebs cycle

64. What does the term 'photoautotroph' refer to?

A) Organisms that use light to synthesize organic compounds
B) Organisms that require organic compounds for energy
C) Organisms that can only survive in darkness
D) Organisms that perform fermentation

65. What is the effect of low temperatures on photosynthesis?

A) It increases the rate
B) It decreases the rate
C) It has no effect
D) It speeds up respiration

66. During photosynthesis, what is produced as a result of photolysis?

A) Oxygen
B) Glucose
C) ATP
D) NADPH

67. Which structure in the chloroplasts contains chlorophyll?

A) Stroma
B) Thylakoids
C) Outer membrane
D) Granum

68. What is the main purpose of the light-independent reactions?

A) To convert light energy into chemical energy
B) To fix carbon dioxide into sugars
C) To produce ATP
D) To release oxygen

69. Which gas is used by plants during photosynthesis?

A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Methane

70. What is a potential consequence of increased levels of atmospheric CO2 on photosynthesis?

A) Increased rate of photosynthesis
B) Decreased rate of photosynthesis
C) No change in the rate
D) It stops photosynthesis

71. Which of the following is a characteristic of CAM plants?

A) They fix CO2 during the day
B) They use water efficiently
C) They do not perform photosynthesis
D) They require high amounts of nitrogen

72. What is the function of the Calvin cycle?

A) To absorb sunlight
B) To fix CO2 and synthesize glucose
C) To generate ATP
D) To split water molecules

73. How do plants convert light energy into chemical energy?

A) Through respiration
B) By synthesizing ATP and NADPH
C) By absorbing glucose
D) By using water

74. What molecule is regenerated at the end of the Calvin cycle to continue the process?

A) Glucose
B) G3P
C) RuBP
D) NADPH

75. Which of the following is NOT a product of the light-dependent reactions?

A) ATP
B) NADPH
C) Oxygen
D) Glucose

76. What role do chloroplasts play in plant cells?

A) Energy production
B) Photosynthesis
C) Protein synthesis
D) Waste disposal

77. What is the main light-absorbing pigment in plants?

A) Carotene
B) Chlorophyll a
C) Xanthophyll
D) Phycocyanin

78. What is produced during the light-dependent reactions that is used in the Calvin cycle?

A) ATP and NADPH
B) CO2
C) RuBP
D) Glucose

79. Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of ribulose bisphosphate and CO2?

A) RuBisCO
B) ATP synthase
C) Phosphofructokinase
D) Lactate dehydrogenase

80. What is the primary role of water in photosynthesis?

A) It provides energy
B) It serves as an electron donor
C) It absorbs light
D) It fixes carbon

81. How do high light intensities affect photorespiration?

A) They increase photorespiration
B) They decrease photorespiration
C) They have no effect
D) They stop photorespiration

82. What are the granum structures in chloroplasts?

A) Sites of carbon fixation
B) Stacks of thylakoids
C) Regions where glucose is stored
D) Locations of RuBisCO enzyme

83. What is the end product of the Calvin cycle that can be converted into glucose?

A) ATP
B) RuBP
C) G3P
D) NADPH

84. What type of plants have adapted to fix carbon during the night?

A) C3 plants
B) C4 plants
C) CAM plants
D) Aquatic plants

85. What effect does drought have on photosynthesis?

A) Increases the rate
B) Decreases the rate
C) Has no effect
D) Causes photorespiration to stop

86. Which compound is produced by the breakdown of glucose during respiration?

A) CO2
B) H2O
C) ATP
D) All of the above

87. What role does ATP play in photosynthesis?

A) It is a storage molecule for energy
B) It provides energy for the Calvin cycle
C) It is used in light-dependent reactions
D) All of the above

88. What happens to the oxygen produced during photosynthesis?

A) It is used for respiration
B) It is released into the atmosphere
C) It is converted into glucose
D) It is stored in the chloroplast

89. Which light wavelength is least effective for photosynthesis?

A) Blue
B) Red
C) Green
D) Yellow

90. What process do plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy?

A) Glycolysis
B) Photosynthesis
C) Fermentation
D) Respiration

91. What type of light do plants primarily use for photosynthesis?

A) Ultraviolet
B) Infrared
C) Visible light
D) X-rays

92. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions that are used in the Calvin cycle?

A) Oxygen and glucose
B) ATP and NADPH
C) Water and carbon dioxide
D) RuBP and G3P

93. What is the function of the enzyme ATP synthase?

A) To split water molecules
B) To convert ADP into ATP
C) To fix carbon dioxide
D) To produce glucose

94. How do plants capture light energy?

A) Through roots
B) Through leaves
C) Through flowers
D) Through stems

95. What is the role of sunlight in photosynthesis?

A) It provides heat
B) It supplies energy
C) It activates enzymes
D) It absorbs nutrients

96. What is the difference between C3 and C4 plants?

A) C3 plants fix CO2 at night, while C4 plants fix it during the day
B) C4 plants have a higher rate of photosynthesis under high light and temperature
C) C3 plants produce more glucose than C4 plants
D) There is no difference

97. Which of the following is a direct product of the Calvin cycle?

A) Oxygen
B) G3P
C) ATP
D) NADPH

98. What is the effect of high temperatures on the enzymes involved in photosynthesis?

A) They increase enzyme activity
B) They denature the enzymes
C) They have no effect
D) They stop photosynthesis

99. What is the primary function of photosynthesis in plants?

A) To produce oxygen
B) To generate energy
C) To convert solar energy into chemical energy
D) To store water

100. In which structure are chlorophyll molecules primarily located?

A) Stroma
B) Thylakoids
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleus

Shyam Sundar

Saturday, 2 November 2024

Photosynthesis Botany MCQ MBBS CEE Entrance Nepal , Science Quiz medical

Photosynthesis Botany MCQ MBBS CEE Entrance Nepal , Science Quiz medical

Introduction

Importance of Photosynthesis

Process of Photosynthesis

1. Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis?

2. What is the main product formed at the end of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

3. During which process is oxygen released as a byproduct in photosynthesis?

4. What is the primary location within the chloroplast where the Calvin cycle occurs?

5. Which of the following best describes the C3 pathway?

6. What happens during the photolysis of water in the light reactions?

7. Which enzyme is crucial for the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle?

8. Which molecule acts as the primary electron donor in the light reactions?

9. Which pathway is specifically adapted for minimizing photorespiration in hot climates?

10. During photosynthesis, ATP is produced by which process?

11. In what form is carbon fixed during the Calvin cycle?

12. What role do carotenoids play in photosynthesis?

13. What is the primary function of photosystems in the light reactions?

14. Which photosystem is responsible for splitting water molecules?

15. How is ATP generated during the light reactions?

16. What molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the light reactions?

17. What type of energy is utilized by plants to drive photosynthesis?

18. Which molecule provides the carbon atoms that are used to produce glucose in the Calvin cycle?

19. In which phase of the Calvin cycle is CO2 fixed into an organic molecule?

20. Which adaptation allows CAM plants to conserve water?

21. What process does ATP synthase use to produce ATP during photosynthesis?

22. Which of the following best describes non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

23. What is the primary role of water in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

24. Which process in photosynthesis is responsible for converting CO2 into an organic compound?

25. How do plants adapt to low light conditions?

26. What is the first stable product of the Calvin cycle?

27. Which process can increase photorespiration in plants?

28. What happens during cyclic photophosphorylation?

29. What compound is regenerated at the end of the Calvin cycle to be used again in carbon fixation?

30. Which wavelength of light is least effective for photosynthesis?

31. Which type of plant is most adapted to minimize water loss by separating carbon fixation by time?

32. What role do light-harvesting complexes play in photosynthesis?

33. What is the main advantage of the C4 pathway over the C3 pathway?

34. Which molecule is produced during the Calvin cycle that can be converted to glucose?

35. In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

36. What is the primary purpose of the light-dependent reactions?

37. Which of the following best describes the Calvin cycle?

38. What is the role of NADPH in photosynthesis?

39. How does increasing temperature typically affect the rate of photosynthesis?

40. What is the function of stomata in photosynthesis?

41. What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

42. Which of the following conditions can lead to the saturation of photosynthesis?

43. In C4 plants, what is the initial carbon compound formed during carbon fixation?

44. How do chloroplasts capture light energy?

45. What is photorespiration?

46. Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is true?

47. What is the light-independent reaction also known as?

48. What is the role of the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts?

49. How does increased CO2 concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis?

50. What is the primary sugar produced during photosynthesis?

51. What effect does light intensity have on the rate of photosynthesis?

52. Which pigment is primarily responsible for the green color of plants?

53. What is the main byproduct of photosynthesis?

54. In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?

55. Which of the following does not occur during the light-dependent reactions?

56. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

57. Which enzyme is responsible for fixing carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle?

58. What is the significance of the proton gradient created during photosynthesis?

59. Which of the following factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis?

60. What is the role of RuBP in the Calvin cycle?

61. What is the role of accessory pigments in photosynthesis?

62. In which type of plants does the C4 pathway primarily occur?

63. Which process occurs in the thylakoid membranes?

64. What does the term 'photoautotroph' refer to?

65. What is the effect of low temperatures on photosynthesis?

66. During photosynthesis, what is produced as a result of photolysis?

67. Which structure in the chloroplasts contains chlorophyll?

68. What is the main purpose of the light-independent reactions?

69. Which gas is used by plants during photosynthesis?

70. What is a potential consequence of increased levels of atmospheric CO2 on photosynthesis?

71. Which of the following is a characteristic of CAM plants?

72. What is the function of the Calvin cycle?

73. How do plants convert light energy into chemical energy?