Plant Growth and Development MCQ MBBS CEE Entrance Nepal
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Plant Growth and Development
Introduction
Plant growth and development are complex processes that involve cellular division, elongation, differentiation, and the coordination of physiological functions. These processes enable plants to adapt to their environment and fulfill their life cycle from germination to reproduction.
Stages of Plant Growth
Plant growth can be broadly divided into several stages:
1. Germination
This is the process where a seed absorbs water, swells, and breaks dormancy, leading to the emergence of the seedling. Conditions such as moisture, temperature, and light significantly influence germination.
2. Vegetative Growth
During this phase, the plant develops leaves, stems, and roots. The vegetative stage is crucial for photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and establishing a robust structure to support future growth.
3. Reproductive Growth
In this phase, plants transition from vegetative to reproductive structures, forming flowers and fruits. This stage is essential for sexual reproduction and the continuation of the species.
Factors Affecting Plant Growth
Several factors influence plant growth and development, including:
- Environmental Factors: Light, temperature, water availability, and soil quality significantly affect growth.
- Nutritional Factors: Essential nutrients (macronutrients and micronutrients) must be available for healthy development.
- Genetic Factors: The genetic makeup of a plant determines its growth patterns, resilience, and overall development.
Hormonal Regulation
Plant hormones (phytohormones) play a critical role in regulating growth and development. Key hormones include:
- Auxins: Promote cell elongation and are involved in root development.
- Cytokinins: Stimulate cell division and promote shoot development.
- Gibberellins: Enhance stem elongation and seed germination.
- Abscisic Acid (ABA): Involved in stress responses and seed dormancy.
- Ethylene: Regulates fruit ripening and leaf abscission.
Conclusion
Understanding plant growth and development is essential for agriculture, horticulture, and conservation efforts. By comprehending these processes, we can improve crop yields, develop sustainable practices, and protect plant biodiversity.
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