Plant Physiology Botany MCQ MBBS CEE Entrance Nepal ,Science Quiz medical
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Plant Physiology
Plant physiology is the study of the functions and processes of plants. It encompasses various physiological aspects that are essential for plant growth, development, and survival. Key processes in plant physiology include:
1. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, specifically glucose, using carbon dioxide and water. This process occurs primarily in the leaves, in specialized cell structures called chloroplasts. The overall equation for photosynthesis can be summarized as:
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis is critical as it provides the oxygen we breathe and is the foundation of the food chain.
2. Respiration
Respiration is the biochemical process by which plants convert glucose and oxygen into energy, water, and carbon dioxide. This process occurs in all living cells, including those of plants, and can be summarized by the equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
Respiration is essential for energy production, which fuels all metabolic activities in plants.
3. Water Transport
Water transport in plants occurs through specialized tissues known as xylem. Water is absorbed by the roots from the soil and transported upward to the leaves and other parts of the plant. This process is driven by:
- Transpiration: The loss of water vapor from the surface of leaves, creating a negative pressure that pulls water upward.
- Root Pressure: The pressure generated in the roots that can push water upward, particularly at night when transpiration is low.
4. Nutrient Uptake
Plants require various nutrients for growth, which they absorb from the soil through their roots. Key nutrients include:
- Macronutrients: Essential elements needed in larger quantities, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).
- Micronutrients: Essential elements needed in smaller amounts, such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn).
These nutrients play vital roles in various physiological processes, including enzyme function, photosynthesis, and overall plant health.
5. Growth and Development
Plant growth and development are influenced by environmental factors and internal signals. Hormones such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and ethylene regulate various growth processes, including cell division, elongation, and responses to light and gravity.
Conclusion
Understanding plant physiology is essential for agricultural practices, environmental management, and enhancing plant productivity. Knowledge of physiological processes helps in developing strategies for crop improvement, sustainable farming, and addressing challenges such as climate change.
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