Cell Biology MCQ CEE MBBS ENTRANCE , Nepal Entrance Nepal Quiz

Cell Biology MCQ CEE MBBS ENTRANCE , Nepal Entrance Nepal Quiz

Posted by Nepal Quiz

الجمعة، 1 نوفمبر 2024

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Overview of Cell Biology

Cell biology is the study of cells, which are the basic structural, functional, and biological units of all living organisms. Understanding cell biology is essential for comprehending the complex functions and interactions that occur within living systems. This field covers various topics such as cell structure, organelles, cellular processes, and the molecular mechanisms behind them.

Key Components of Cells

• Cell Membrane: The outer boundary of the cell, regulating the movement of substances in and out.
• Nucleus: The control center containing genetic material (DNA) responsible for regulating cell activities.
• Mitochondria: Known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for energy production through ATP.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Involved in protein and lipid synthesis, with rough ER studded with ribosomes and smooth ER aiding in detoxification and lipid production.
• Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use.
• Lysosomes: Contain enzymes for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

Important Cellular Processes

• Cellular Respiration: The process by which cells generate energy by converting glucose and oxygen into ATP.
• Protein Synthesis: The creation of proteins using DNA as a template, involving transcription (in the nucleus) and translation (in the ribosome).
• Cell Division: Mitosis and meiosis are the main types of cell division, with mitosis producing identical cells and meiosis leading to genetic diversity through gametes.
• Transport Mechanisms: Includes passive (e.g., diffusion, osmosis) and active transport requiring energy.

Studying cell biology helps in understanding diseases, developing medical treatments, and advancing biotechnological applications. It bridges the gap between biology, chemistry, and medicine, providing crucial insights into how life functions at a microscopic level.

1. What is the basic unit of life?

A) Tissue
B) Organ
C) Cell
D) Organism

2. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic Reticulum

3. What is the function of ribosomes?

A) Energy production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Lipid synthesis
D) DNA replication

4. Which structure controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?

A) Cell wall
B) Nucleus
C) Cell membrane
D) Cytoplasm

5. What is the primary component of the cell membrane?

A) Proteins
B) Lipids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Nucleic acids

6. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

A) Protection
B) Support
C) Energy production
D) Communication

7. Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

8. What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

A) Energy production
B) Protein modification and packaging
C) Lipid synthesis
D) DNA replication

9. What structure is involved in the synthesis of lipids?

A) Ribosome
B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi apparatus

10. What is the primary function of lysosomes?

A) Energy production
B) Digestion of waste materials
C) Protein synthesis
D) Cellular respiration

11. What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A) Energy production
B) Cell shape and support
C) Protein synthesis
D) Lipid storage

12. Which type of transport does NOT require energy?

A) Active transport
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Endocytosis
D) Exocytosis

13. What is the term for the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

A) Osmosis
B) Diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Filtration

14. Which process describes the engulfing of large particles by the cell?

A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Facilitated diffusion

15. What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?

A) To produce ATP
B) To synthesize proteins
C) To replicate DNA
D) To transport substances

16. What is the end product of glycolysis?

A) ATP
B) Lactic acid
C) Pyruvate
D) Acetyl-CoA

17. Which molecule is used as a carrier of energy in cells?

A) DNA
B) RNA
C) ATP
D) Glucose

18. What is the process by which cells divide to form two daughter cells?

A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Cytokinesis
D) Binary fission

19. What is the primary function of DNA?

A) Protein synthesis
B) Energy production
C) Genetic information storage
D) Cell division

20. Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

A) Single-stranded
B) Double helix
C) Circular
D) Linear

21. What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

A) Protein synthesis
B) Carrying genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
C) Energy production
D) DNA replication

22. What is the term for the physical expression of a gene?

A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Allele
D) Chromosome

23. Which process occurs in the nucleus of the cell?

A) Protein synthesis
B) DNA replication
C) Cellular respiration
D) ATP production

24. What is the term for a segment of DNA that codes for a protein?

A) Gene
B) Chromosome
C) Allele
D) Nucleotide

25. What is the primary function of enzymes?

A) Provide energy
B) Speed up chemical reactions
C) Store genetic information
D) Transport substances

26. What is the term for a change in the DNA sequence?

A) Mutation
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Replication

27. Which type of RNA is involved in protein synthesis?

A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) rRNA
D) All of the above

28. What is the term for the formation of an egg cell?

A) Spermatogenesis
B) Oogenesis
C) Mitosis
D) Meiosis

29. Which structure contains the genetic material of the cell?

A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Ribosome
D) Cell membrane

30. What is the result of meiosis?

A) Two identical daughter cells
B) Four genetically different daughter cells
C) One identical daughter cell
D) Two genetically different daughter cells

31. What is the function of tRNA?

A) Carrying genetic information
B) Bringing amino acids to the ribosome
C) Synthesizing proteins
D) Replicating DNA

32. What is the term for a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species?

A) Cladogram
B) Phylogenetic tree
C) Taxonomy
D) Genealogy

33. What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

A) Atom
B) Molecule
C) Cell
D) Tissue

34. What is the role of the nucleolus?

A) Protein synthesis
B) RNA synthesis
C) Lipid synthesis
D) DNA replication

35. Which of the following processes involves the synthesis of mRNA from DNA?

A) Translation
B) Transcription
C) Replication
D) Mutation

36. What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A) Lipid synthesis
B) Protein synthesis
C) Detoxification
D) Energy production

37. Which process occurs in the mitochondria?

A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) Fermentation
D) Translation

38. What is the end product of fermentation in muscle cells?

A) Lactic acid
B) Ethanol
C) Acetic acid
D) Glucose

39. What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

A) Energy production
B) Support and protection
C) Protein synthesis
D) DNA replication

40. Which type of plant tissue is responsible for photosynthesis?

A) Xylem
B) Phloem
C) Parenchyma
D) Sclerenchyma

41. What is the primary function of xylem in plants?

A) Transport of water and minerals
B) Transport of food
C) Photosynthesis
D) Support

42. Which type of cell division results in two identical daughter cells?

A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Binary fission
D) Cytokinesis

43. What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?

A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Allele
D) Chromosome

44. What is the role of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis?

A) Energy production
B) Selectively allowing substances in and out
C) DNA replication
D) Protein synthesis

45. What is the function of chloroplasts?

A) Energy production
B) Photosynthesis
C) Protein synthesis
D) Respiration

46. What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

A) Molecule
B) Tissue
C) Organ
D) Cell

47. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

A) Ionic bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Covalent bond
D) Van der Waals bond

48. What is the primary role of the plasma membrane?

A) Protein synthesis
B) Genetic information storage
C) Transport of substances
D) Energy production

49. Which process converts glucose into energy in the presence of oxygen?

A) Anaerobic respiration
B) Fermentation
C) Aerobic respiration
D) Photosynthesis

50. Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis?

A) Glucose
B) Oxygen
C) Water
D) Both A and B

51. What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A) Lipid synthesis
B) Protein synthesis
C) Detoxification
D) DNA replication

52. What type of cell division produces gametes?

A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding

53. What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A) Protein synthesis
B) Lipid synthesis and detoxification
C) Energy production
D) Cellular respiration

54. What is the term for the process by which a cell takes in material by engulfing it?

A) Exocytosis
B) Endocytosis
C) Diffusion
D) Osmosis

55. What is the primary role of ATP in cellular processes?

A) Energy carrier
B) Genetic information storage
C) Structural component
D) Signal transduction

56. What is the term for the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

A) Active transport
B) Osmosis
C) Diffusion
D) Filtration

57. Which organelle is responsible for producing ribosomes?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Nucleus
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosome

58. What is the role of centrioles in the cell?

A) Energy production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Cell division
D) Photosynthesis

59. Which organelle is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?

A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic reticulum

60. What is the primary function of the cytoplasm?

A) Protein synthesis
B) Site of metabolic reactions
C) DNA replication
D) Cell division

61. Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?

A) They have a nucleus
B) They lack a cell membrane
C) They are generally larger than eukaryotic cells
D) They lack membrane-bound organelles

62. What is the primary role of the cell wall in plant cells?

A) Energy production
B) Providing structure and support
C) Photosynthesis
D) Cell division

63. Which type of cell division reduces the chromosome number by half?

A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding

64. What is the role of the vacuole in plant cells?

A) Energy production
B) Storage of substances
C) Protein synthesis
D) Cellular respiration

65. Which of the following structures is found in both plant and animal cells?

A) Chloroplast
B) Cell wall
C) Mitochondria
D) Central vacuole

66. What is the primary function of chlorophyll?

A) Energy storage
B) Absorption of light for photosynthesis
C) Protein synthesis
D) DNA replication

67. What is the term for the fluid part of the cytoplasm?

A) Cytosol
B) Organelle
C) Nucleoplasm
D) Matrix

68. Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

A) Rigid and impermeable
B) Fluid mosaic model
C) Solid and fixed
D) Circular and uniform

69. What is the primary role of the nucleus?

A) Energy production
B) DNA storage and regulation
C) Protein synthesis
D) Photosynthesis

70. Which process is responsible for the production of ATP in mitochondria?

A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) Oxidative phosphorylation
D) Photosynthesis

71. What is the function of the plasma membrane's phospholipid bilayer?

A) Provides rigidity
B) Allows selective permeability
C) Conducts electrical impulses
D) Stores genetic information

72. Which structure is primarily involved in lipid synthesis?

A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosome

73. What is the primary function of the ribosome?

A) DNA replication
B) Protein synthesis
C) Energy production
D) Transport of substances

74. Which of the following organelles is known as the 'suicide bag' of the cell?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Ribosome
C) Lysosome
D) Endoplasmic reticulum

75. What is the primary role of the central vacuole in plant cells?

A) Energy production
B) Storage and maintaining turgor pressure
C) Protein synthesis
D) Cellular respiration

76. Which type of cellular transport requires energy?

A) Passive transport
B) Active transport
C) Osmosis
D) Diffusion

77. What is the term for the network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape?

A) Cytoskeleton
B) Cell wall
C) Plasma membrane
D) Cytoplasm

78. What is the role of the extracellular matrix?

A) Energy production
B) Cell signaling
C) Providing structural support to tissues
D) All of the above

79. What type of cells lack a true nucleus?

A) Eukaryotic cells
B) Prokaryotic cells
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

80. Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?

A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondria

81. Which type of cell junction allows for communication between adjacent cells?

A) Tight junction
B) Gap junction
C) Desmosome
D) Hemidesmosome

82. What is the primary component of the plasma membrane?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Lipids
D) Nucleic acids

83. What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

A) DNA replication
B) Modifying and packaging proteins
C) Energy production
D) Photosynthesis

84. Which cellular structure is responsible for maintaining the shape of a plant cell?

A) Cell membrane
B) Cytoplasm
C) Cell wall
D) Nucleus

85. What is the process by which water moves through a semipermeable membrane?

A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Filtration
D) Active transport

86. Which structure is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

A) Ribosome
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus

87. What is the function of the nucleoplasm?

A) Energy production
B) Support for the nucleus and storage of materials
C) Protein synthesis
D) Cellular respiration

88. What is the function of the peroxisome?

A) Energy production
B) Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful substances
C) Protein synthesis
D) Cellular respiration

89. What is the role of actin filaments in the cell?

A) Energy production
B) Structural support and movement
C) DNA replication
D) Protein synthesis

90. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

A) Lack of nucleus
B) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
C) Smaller size than prokaryotic cells
D) Circular DNA

91. Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?

A) tRNA
B) mRNA
C) rRNA
D) snRNA

92. What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A) Protein synthesis
B) Lipid synthesis and detoxification
C) Energy production
D) DNA replication

93. What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

A) Energy production
B) Control of substance movement in and out of the cell
C) DNA replication
D) Protein synthesis

94. Which structure is involved in the synthesis of lipids?

A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Ribosome

95. What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?

A) Protein synthesis
B) Breakdown of waste materials
C) Energy production
D) Cellular respiration

96. What is the term for a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction?

A) Catalyst
B) Enzyme
C) Reactant
D) Product

97. What is the function of the nucleolus?

A) Energy production
B) Ribosome production
C) Protein synthesis
D) DNA replication

98. What type of bond holds amino acids together in a protein?

A) Ionic bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Peptide bond
D) Covalent bond

99. What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A) Lipid synthesis
B) Protein synthesis
C) Energy production
D) Cellular respiration

100. Which cellular process occurs in the mitochondria?

A) Photosynthesis
B) Glycolysis
C) Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
D) Fermentation